HALF YOUR COSTS, DOUBLE YOUR RANGE
AG-Cycle has several possible applications. The most straightforward is using it as a source of thermal energy. AG-Burner can, for example, provide heat to a boiler of a residential/commercial/industrial heating system, or an evaporative desalination plant, or a thermal energy consuming industrial process, such as cement, glass, or fertilizer production, refuse pyrolysis and gasification, etc.
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AG-Cycle can be retrofitted into a combustion chamber of a conventional power-generating gas turbine (aka internally fired gas turbine), aircraft's turbofan or turboprop engine, helicopter's turboshaft engine, electric vehicles' (EV) gas turbine range extender. Also, AG-Burner can provide heat to a high-temperature heat exchanger of an externally (indirectly) fired gas turbine (EFGT), such as 100 kW AE-T100E from Ansaldo Energia; 333 kW GT333S from Flexenergy Solutions; 2 MW KG2 from Dresser Rand; 100 kW HLT-100, compact or any other externally fired gas turbine.
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The essential advantage of implementing AG-Cycle on an externally fired gas turbine is simplicity. Virtually any internally-fired gas turbine may be re-designed for external firing, and the contemporary art of high-temperature heat exchangers is well established to develop a design for a heat exchanger for any thermal power transfer requirements. Also, AG-fitted externally fired gas turbines can run on cheaper low-grade fuels, which would damage a conventional gas turbine. The only disadvantage is that an externally fired gas turbine weighs more than its internally fired modification.
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When water for AG-Burner is supplied from an external source, such as a centralized water supply system for a stationary gas turbine of a natural gas power plant or a water tank for a mobile application, such as a gas turbine range extender for an EV, the process is referred to as Open AG-Cycle. When water for feeding AG-Burner is recycled from water vapor of exhaust gases by employing a condenser unit, the process is referred to as Closed AG-Cycle. Closed AG-Cycle is more likely to be used with a gas turbine range extender of an electric vehicle, an aircraft turbofan, or gas turbine power generator of an EVTOL.
Although AG-Cycle consumes liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons and water in different weight ratios depending on multiple factors, the mass ratio of 50/50 is chosen for further analysis to provide conformity when various applications are considered. Combustion of 1 pound of gasoline produces around 1.4 pounds of water, so for the ratio of 50/50, the exhaust fumes contain a minimum of 2.4 pounds of water. Recovering 1 pound of water, i.e., around 40% of this amount by cooling and condensing water vapors, is sufficient to feed closed AG-Cycle in most applications, i.e., a highly efficient condenser unit is not routinely required.
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The critical advantage of Closed AG-Cycle is that it allows for nearly doubling the range of turbofan and turboprop aircraft and turboshaft helicopters. In the US, the first experiments with water recovery from exhaust fumes, which date back to the 1920s, were successfully carried out on airships by the US Air Force.
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The U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center and the Defense Advanced Project Agency research project revealed that 46 - 75% of water in exhaust fumes of a diesel engine can be recovered by using simple means and that the recovery process increases fuel consumption by around 4%, due to the extra energy required to run the chiller system and back-pressure effects.
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AG-Cycle is fully compatible with steam engines for stationary and mobile applications. For example, Cyclone Power Technology developed an affordable compact steam engine with a claimed efficiency of 30% and a start-up time of under 10 sec; enhancing this engine with AG-Cycle would increase its efficiency up to 75%.